Its unpredictability relies either on the inherent unpredictability of the physical process being measured (e.g., the unpredictability of radioactive decay), or on the inaccuracy inherent in taking precise physical measurements (e.g., the inaccuracy of the least significant digits of some physical measurement such as the measurement of a CPU’s temperature or the timing of keystrokes on a keyboard). True randomness is any information learned through the measurement of a physical process. The first produces true randomness, while the second produces pseudorandomness. We can obtain randomness that is unpredictable using one of two approaches. That is, a process for generating random bits is secure if an attacker is unable to predict the next bit with greater than 50% accuracy (in other words, no better than random chance). In cryptography, the term random means unpredictable. In this post, we’re going to go into fairly deep technical detail, so there is some background that we’ll need to ensure that everybody is on the same page. BackgroundĪs we’ve discussed in the past, cryptography relies on the ability to generate random numbers that are both unpredictable and kept secret from any adversary. For a higher-level discussion that requires no technical background, see Randomness 101: LavaRand in Production. ![]() This post assumes a technical background. In this post, we’re going to explore how that works in technical detail. ![]() Courtesy of some of you may know, there's a wall of lava lamps in the lobby of our San Francisco office that we use for cryptography.
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